Treatments · Glaucoma · Xen 45 (AbbVie / Allergan) Ab-Interno Gel Stent · Updated May 2026

Private Xen gel stent glaucoma surgery London — UK 2026 ab-interno bleb-forming MIGS

UK 2026 private Xen 45 (AbbVie / Allergan) ab-interno bleb-forming MIGS for medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma is estimated at £4,800–£7,200 per eye at CQC-registered London glaucoma centres. Bilateral (staged or simultaneous) is £9,200–£13,500. The Xen 45 is a 6 mm porcine-gelatin glutaraldehyde-cross-linked micro-stent with a 45-micron internal lumen, implanted ab interno through a 1.5 mm clear-cornea incision under direct gonioscopic vision to create a controlled subconjunctival aqueous outflow pathway and a low diffuse filtration bleb. Intra-operative mitomycin C 0.2–0.4 mg/mL is the standard adjunct to inhibit bleb fibrosis. APEX registry and randomised trial data (Sheybani et al., Reitsamer et al., Mansouri et al.) report mean IOP reduction from approximately 22 mmHg pre-operatively to approximately 14 mmHg at year 1, with 60–75 per cent of eyes drop-free and 80–90 per cent achieving complete or qualified success. NICE Interventional Procedure Guidance IPG612 supports the procedure; the Royal College of Ophthalmologists glaucoma practice notes and UK NICE NG81 codify the wider pathway. Private glaucoma consultation: 0800 852 7782.

  • UK 2026 price (per eye) — £4,800–£7,200 all-inclusive (consultant glaucoma assessment, full work-up, day-case operation with mitomycin C, the Xen 45 device, structured first-year reviews).
  • Bilateral — £9,200–£13,500 (staged or simultaneous).
  • Combined with cataract surgery (phaco + Xen) — £5,800–£8,800 per eye depending on IOL choice.
  • Year 1 IOP outcome — mean ~22 mmHg to ~14 mmHg; 60–75 per cent drop-free; 80–90 per cent complete or qualified success.
  • Bleb needling — required in 20–35 per cent of eyes during the first 6 months (part of the expected pathway, not a failure).
  • Insurance — CCSD C66.9 / C61.1; most UK PMI providers cover with pre-authorisation.

Evidence and editorial basis: NICE Interventional Procedure Guidance IPG612 (Xen 45), NICE NG81 Glaucoma Guidance, Sheybani et al. (Xen randomised trials), Reitsamer et al. (Xen 2-year RCT data), Mansouri et al. (APEX international registry), Maris et al. (UK Xen real-world cohort), Lenzhofer et al., Sii et al. (UK Xen audit data), the Royal College of Ophthalmologists Glaucoma Practice Notes, EGS Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, and CQC inspection reports for major UK glaucoma units. Reviewed by a UK GMC-registered consultant ophthalmologist with glaucoma subspecialty interest. Not a substitute for personalised medical advice.

Fast answer: what does private Xen gel stent glaucoma surgery cost in the UK in 2026?

UK 2026 self-pay private Xen 45 ab-interno bleb-forming MIGS for medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma is estimated at £4,800–£7,200 per eye at CQC-registered London glaucoma centres. The fee covers the consultant glaucoma assessment, full work-up (Humphrey visual field, OCT RNFL and ganglion cell, gonioscopy, anterior segment OCT, central corneal thickness, pachymetry, optic disc photography), the day-case operation under sub-Tenon's local anaesthetic or general anaesthetic with intra-operative mitomycin C 0.2-0.4 mg/mL, the Xen 45 device itself, and the structured first-year post-operative review schedule (day 1, week 1, week 2, month 1, month 3, month 6, month 12) including any required bleb needling under topical anaesthetic in clinic. Bilateral (staged or simultaneous) is £9,200-£13,500. Combined Xen 45 with phacoemulsification cataract surgery is £5,800-£8,800 per eye depending on IOL choice.

Per eye

£4,800–£7,200 all-inclusive.

Both eyes

£9,200–£13,500.

Year 1 IOP

~22 mmHg → ~14 mmHg; 60–75% drop-free.

Bleb needling

20–35% of eyes in first 6 months.

Honest one-liner: Xen 45 is the right choice for adults with open-angle glaucoma (POAG, pseudoexfoliative, pigmentary, selected uveitic) uncontrolled on maximum tolerated medical therapy who need a mid-target IOP (12-16 mmHg), have reasonable conjunctival health, and accept the structured first-year post-operative pathway including possible bleb needling and lifelong slightly elevated endophthalmitis risk; it is the wrong choice for very low target IOPs (under 12 mmHg, where trabeculectomy with mitomycin C is preferred), for severely scarred conjunctiva, neovascular glaucoma (tube shunt preferred), or for patients unwilling to commit to the post-operative review and needling schedule.

What is the Xen 45 gel stent?

The Xen 45 (AbbVie, formerly Allergan) is a 6 mm long porcine-gelatin glutaraldehyde-cross-linked micro-stent with a 45-micron internal lumen, designed to create a controlled subconjunctival aqueous outflow pathway and a low diffuse filtration bleb in patients with medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma. The 45-micron lumen is the rate-limiting flow resistance (in line with Hagen-Poiseuille flow at physiological aqueous production of approximately 2.5 microlitres per minute) and is specifically engineered to limit the early postoperative hypotony that historically complicates bleb-forming filtering surgery.

Surgery is performed under day-case sub-Tenon's local anaesthetic with light intravenous sedation, or general anaesthetic if preferred. A 1.5 mm clear-cornea incision is made in the temporal quadrant; the anterior chamber is filled with cohesive viscoelastic; intra-operative mitomycin C 0.2-0.4 mg/mL is applied to the subconjunctival space in the superonasal quadrant for 1-2 minutes (the standard adjunct to inhibit bleb fibrosis). Under direct gonioscopic vision (Volk surgical gonio lens or Swan-Jacob) the pre-loaded 27-gauge inserter is advanced from the anterior chamber across the trabecular meshwork and sclera in the superonasal quadrant so that 1 mm of the Xen sits in the anterior chamber, 2 mm sits intrasclerally and 3 mm sits subconjunctivally. The bleb is confirmed and the cornea wound is hydrated. Total operating time is 15-25 minutes for standalone Xen and 35-45 minutes when combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

The Xen 45 is the most-used ab-interno bleb-forming MIGS device worldwide. NICE issued Interventional Procedure Guidance IPG612 in 2018 supporting its safety and efficacy. APEX international registry (Mansouri et al.) and the manufacturer-sponsored randomised trials (Sheybani et al., Reitsamer et al.) demonstrate mean IOP reduction from approximately 22 mmHg pre-operatively to approximately 14 mmHg at year 1, with 60-75 per cent of eyes drop-free. The position of Xen in the modern UK glaucoma surgical hierarchy is as a bleb-forming MIGS for mid-target IOP goals (12-16 mmHg) where angle-based MIGS would not be sufficient and traditional trabeculectomy would be more aggressive than necessary.

UK 2026 Xen 45 pricing, in detail

Private Xen 45 pricing in the UK is driven by the centre's CQC-registered theatre overhead, consultant glaucoma seniority and case volume, anaesthetist seniority, the cost of the Xen 45 device itself (AbbVie / Allergan list price plus VAT), intra-operative mitomycin C, the structured first-year review schedule including any needling, and the gonioscopic equipment and OCT capability required for proper pre-operative and post-operative assessment. Most reputable London providers bundle these components into an all-inclusive per-eye fee.

Item UK 2026 typical price Notes
Consultant glaucoma assessment £295–£495 Humphrey visual field, OCT RNFL and ganglion cell, gonioscopy, anterior segment OCT, central corneal thickness, optic disc photography. If proceeding to Xen, included in the per-eye package.
Xen 45 standalone (per eye, all-inclusive) £4,800–£7,200 All-inclusive: consultant assessment, full work-up, day-case operation with intra-operative mitomycin C, the Xen 45 device, structured first-year review schedule (day 1, week 1, week 2, month 1, month 3, month 6, month 12), and any needling required in the first 12 months.
Bilateral Xen 45 (staged or simultaneous) £9,200–£13,500 Substantial saving versus two separate unilateral procedures.
Combined phaco + Xen 45 (per eye) £5,800–£8,800 Adds approximately £1,000-£1,600 to standalone Xen for the cataract component; final figure depends on IOL choice (monofocal, toric, multifocal or EDOF).
Bleb needling under topical anaesthetic in clinic Included Performed in 20-35 per cent of Xen eyes during the first 6 months. 5-fluorouracil 50 mg/mL subconjunctival injection at the time of needling is included where indicated.
PreserFlo MicroShunt (Santen 8.5 mm SIBS, per eye) £4,500–£6,500 Ab-externo bleb-forming alternative with 70-micron lumen; INN-005 RCT vs trabeculectomy. See our private PreserFlo MicroShunt glaucoma surgery UK.
iStent inject W angle-based MIGS (per eye, combined with phaco) £4,500–£6,800 Trabecular bypass micro-stents; mean IOP ~16-18 mmHg. See our private iStent MIGS glaucoma surgery London.
Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (per eye) £4,800–£6,800 Historical gold standard. Lower mean IOP achievable (~11-13 mmHg) but more intensive post-operative bleb management.
Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT, per eye) £700–£1,200 LiGHT trial first-line laser option. See our private SLT laser glaucoma treatment cost UK.
Glaucoma drainage device (Baerveldt / Ahmed, per eye) £6,500–£9,500 For neovascular, severely scarred conjunctiva, or refractory glaucoma where bleb-forming surgery is not appropriate.

For related glaucoma pricing and pathways see our private PreserFlo MicroShunt glaucoma surgery UK, our private iStent MIGS glaucoma surgery London, our private SLT laser glaucoma treatment cost UK, our private glaucoma surgery cost UK and our wider glaucoma treatments overview.

What a quality UK Xen 45 package should include

  • Consultant glaucoma surgeon — UK GMC registration with glaucoma subspecialty fellowship (UKEGS / EGS), documented Xen 45 case volume (minimum 30 Xens per year), comparable case volume with PreserFlo MicroShunt and trabeculectomy, and the ability to convert to a different filtering operation intra-operatively if needed.
  • Full pre-operative work-up — best-corrected visual acuity, Goldmann IOP, central corneal thickness, gonioscopy (open angle, prior trabecular meshwork integrity), dilated optic disc with stereoscopic photography, Humphrey 24-2 / 10-2 SITA-Standard visual field, OCT RNFL and ganglion cell analysis, anterior segment OCT of the angle and any prior conjunctival scarring.
  • CQC-registered theatre — with consultant anaesthetist, sub-Tenon's or general anaesthetic capability, intra-operative gonioscopy capability, slit-lamp microscope with surgical gonio lens (Volk or Swan-Jacob), and full sterile glaucoma kit.
  • Intra-operative mitomycin C 0.2-0.4 mg/mL — the standard adjunct applied to the subconjunctival space for 1-2 minutes.
  • The Xen 45 device — AbbVie / Allergan single-use pre-loaded 27-gauge inserter with the 6 mm porcine-gelatin micro-stent.
  • Post-operative medication pack — topical moxifloxacin antibiotic, intensive topical corticosteroid (dexamethasone or prednisolone acetate) tapered over 8-12 weeks, cycloplegic / mydriatic for the first 1-2 weeks.
  • Structured first-year review schedule — consultant-led reviews at day 1, week 1, week 2, month 1, month 3, month 6 and month 12.
  • In-clinic bleb needling — under topical anaesthetic with 27- or 30-gauge needle if bleb fibrosis develops; subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil 50 mg/mL where indicated.
  • Revisional pathway — documented willingness to offer revisional surgery (repeat Xen, conversion to PreserFlo, trabeculectomy or tube shunt) if Xen fails.
  • Continuity of named consultant — the consultant who consents and operates should lead the first-year reviews.

Evidence base — what the trials show

The Xen 45 has the most extensive ab-interno bleb-forming MIGS evidence base in 2026, spanning manufacturer-sponsored randomised trials, the APEX international registry and large UK / European real-world cohorts:

  • NICE Interventional Procedure Guidance IPG612 (2018) — supports the safety and efficacy of the Xen 45 in adults with primary open-angle glaucoma uncontrolled on maximum tolerated medical therapy.
  • NICE NG81 Glaucoma Guidance (latest update) — codifies the UK glaucoma pathway including the role of bleb-forming MIGS in patients failing medical and laser therapy.
  • Sheybani et al., Ophthalmology 2015 and follow-up RCT data — original randomised data demonstrating mean IOP reduction from approximately 25 mmHg to approximately 16 mmHg at year 1 with the Xen 45.
  • Reitsamer et al., 2-year RCT data — demonstrated sustained IOP reduction at year 2 with 65 per cent of eyes drop-free.
  • Mansouri et al., APEX international registry — pooled mean IOP reduction from approximately 22 mmHg pre-operatively to approximately 14 mmHg at year 1 with 60-75 per cent of eyes drop-free, across thousands of eyes in 90+ centres.
  • Maris et al., Sii et al., UK real-world cohort — demonstrated UK-specific outcomes broadly comparable to APEX with bleb needling required in 20-35 per cent of eyes during the first 6 months.
  • Lenzhofer et al. — European multicentre cohort demonstrating equivalent IOP outcomes whether Xen is performed standalone or combined with phaco.
  • Failure rate — approximately 10-25 per cent of Xen 45 eyes require revisional surgery (repeat Xen, conversion to PreserFlo, trabeculectomy or tube shunt) at 2 years.
  • Endophthalmitis risk — less than 0.5 per cent per year (lifelong slightly elevated risk inherent to all bleb-forming surgery).
  • Comparable evidence for PreserFlo MicroShunt — the INN-005 RCT versus trabeculectomy demonstrated mean IOP reduction to approximately 14 mmHg with 55-65 per cent drop-free at year 2; comparable mid-target IOP outcomes to Xen 45.

In short: contemporary Xen 45 evidence supports it as a robust mid-target IOP (12-16 mmHg) bleb-forming MIGS for medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma, with approximately 60-75 per cent drop-free at year 1, an expected bleb-needling rate of 20-35 per cent in the first 6 months, and a 10-25 per cent revisional surgery rate at 2 years. The Xen is best understood as a bleb-forming MIGS occupying the surgical middle ground between angle-based MIGS (iStent inject W, Hydrus) and traditional trabeculectomy.

Xen 45 versus PreserFlo, trabeculectomy and angle-based MIGS

Honest head-to-head comparison of the surgical options in 2026:

  • Xen 45 (ab-interno gel stent, AbbVie / Allergan) — bleb-forming MIGS with 45-micron lumen, ab-interno through clear cornea (no conjunctival peritomy required), mean IOP ~22 to ~14 mmHg, 60-75 per cent drop-free at year 1, 15-25 minute operating time, expected bleb-needling 20-35 per cent in first 6 months. Best for mid-target IOP (12-16 mmHg) with reasonable conjunctival health.
  • PreserFlo MicroShunt (Santen 8.5 mm SIBS bleb-forming) — ab-externo (open conjunctiva) bleb-forming with 70-micron lumen; mean IOP ~14 mmHg at year 1, 55-65 per cent drop-free at year 2 in INN-005 RCT; similar mid-target IOP outcomes to Xen but different surgical philosophy (open conjunctiva, posterior bleb). See our private PreserFlo MicroShunt glaucoma surgery UK.
  • Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C — the historical gold standard, scleral flap + sclerostomy + iridectomy. Can achieve the lowest target IOP (11-13 mmHg). More intensive post-operative bleb management (laser suture lysis, bleb manipulation, more aggressive needling). Best for very low target IOPs or advanced glaucoma where mid-target IOP is insufficient.
  • Angle-based MIGS (iStent inject W, Hydrus microstent) — trabecular bypass devices implanted through Schlemm's canal; substantially less surgical trauma, no bleb, faster recovery; mean IOP 16-18 mmHg, 40-60 per cent reduction in medication burden; best for mild-to-moderate glaucoma combined with cataract surgery. See our private iStent MIGS glaucoma surgery London.
  • GATT (gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy) and OMNI canaloplasty — angle-based MIGS that open Schlemm's canal across multiple clock hours; mean IOP 14-17 mmHg, suitable for moderate-to-severe glaucoma where bleb-forming surgery is to be avoided.
  • Glaucoma drainage device (Baerveldt 350 / Ahmed FP7 / PAUL) — tube shunt to an equatorial plate; mean IOP ~13-15 mmHg. Best for neovascular glaucoma, severely scarred conjunctiva, paediatric glaucoma or refractory cases where bleb-forming surgery is not possible.
  • Repeat selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) — non-invasive first or second-line laser; mean IOP reduction 20-25 per cent; useful step-up before surgery in many cases. See our private SLT laser glaucoma treatment cost UK.

Who is Xen 45 the right choice for?

Xen 45 is licensed and supported by NICE IPG612 for medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma in adults. Ideal candidacy:

  • Documented progression on visual field or OCT despite maximum tolerated medical therapy — or intolerance / non-adherence to topical medications.
  • Mid-target IOP goal (12-16 mmHg) — not the lowest-target operation; trabeculectomy is preferred where target IOP is under 12 mmHg.
  • Open angles — primary open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma; selected uveitic glaucoma in quiescent disease.
  • Reasonable conjunctival health — particularly in the superonasal quadrant where the bleb will sit; prior conjunctival surgery in this quadrant is a relative contraindication.
  • Phakic or pseudophakic — either is suitable; combined Xen + phaco is a common pathway where cataract co-exists.
  • Willing to commit to the structured first-year post-operative review schedule — day 1, week 1, week 2, month 1, month 3, month 6 and month 12.
  • Informed acceptance of the 20-35 per cent first-6-month bleb-needling rate — part of the expected pathway, not a failure.
  • Informed acceptance of the lifelong slightly elevated endophthalmitis risk — inherent to all bleb-forming surgery.

Xen 45 is not the right choice for: patients needing very low target IOPs (under 12 mmHg, where trabeculectomy with mitomycin C is usually preferred); patients with severely scarred conjunctiva in the superonasal quadrant from prior surgery; neovascular glaucoma (a tube shunt is usually preferred); active anterior segment inflammation; pregnancy (mitomycin C contraindication); patients unwilling to commit to the post-operative review and possible needling schedule; or patients with poor expectations of the operation as a 'one and done' procedure rather than the start of a structured 12-month pathway.

NHS versus private Xen 45 access

The Xen 45 has been NHS-commissioned since the original NICE Interventional Procedure Guidance IPG612 (2018) and is available in NHS glaucoma services across the UK, although local provision varies by ICB and consultant preference. NHS waits for routine glaucoma surgery in 2026 are typically 12-30 weeks from glaucoma clinic decision to operate; for rapidly progressing or advanced glaucoma the urgency may be greater and NHS prioritisation faster.

The private pathway compresses the timeline to typically 1-3 weeks from initial consultation to consented operating date and offers continuity of named consultant care, the choice of operating surgeon, dedicated CQC theatre time, ring-fenced post-operative reviews including any required bleb needling under topical anaesthetic in clinic, and the option to combine Xen 45 with concurrent cataract surgery.

For patients with rapidly progressing glaucoma, advanced field loss, or imminent visual threat, the private route is reasonable while NHS waits stretch. For patients with stable glaucoma on maximum tolerated medical therapy, the NHS pathway remains entirely appropriate. The choice should be discussed honestly with the consultant.

Private medical insurance and Xen 45

Most UK private medical insurers (Bupa, AXA Health, Aviva, Vitality, WPA) cover Xen 45 ab-interno glaucoma surgery under CCSD procedure code C66.9 / C61.1 (glaucoma drainage procedure / micro-stent implantation) with pre-authorisation, where the policy covers chronic eye disease. Pre-authorisation requires documented uncontrolled glaucoma on maximum tolerated medical therapy (or documented intolerance / non-adherence), recent Humphrey visual field, OCT RNFL, gonioscopy notes, the consultant's clinical justification, and the proposed surgical plan including whether standalone or combined with phaco. Some insurers limit the device component or require a contribution to the Xen 45 device cost; the clinic team prepares the pre-authorisation package and clarifies any patient-paid component (excess, shortfall) in writing before booking.

Risks of Xen 45 surgery

Honest counselling on Xen 45 risks:

  • Early hypotony (IOP under 6 mmHg) 5-15 per cent — usually transient and managed conservatively with cycloplegic, topical steroid escalation and observation; occasionally requires suturing of the cornea wound or anterior chamber re-formation with viscoelastic.
  • Choroidal detachment 2-5 per cent — usually settles with topical steroid and atropine; occasionally requires drainage.
  • Bleb fibrosis with IOP creep 20-35 per cent — managed with bleb needling under topical anaesthetic in clinic +/- subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil 50 mg/mL augmentation. Part of the expected post-operative pathway, not a failure.
  • Xen tip migration or kink less than 5 per cent — managed by intraoperative or in-clinic repositioning or revision.
  • Endophthalmitis less than 0.5 per cent per year — lifelong slightly elevated risk inherent to all bleb-forming surgery; patients must report any sudden severe pain, sudden vision loss or sudden discharge immediately.
  • Blebitis 1-3 per cent per year — pre-endophthalmitis presentation; treated with intensive topical antibiotics.
  • Cataract progression in phakic eyes 10-20 per cent over 2 years — treated with phacoemulsification cataract surgery when visually significant.
  • Persistent hypotony, choroidal effusion, suprachoroidal haemorrhage — very rare (less than 1 per cent collectively).
  • Sympathetic ophthalmia — very rare (less than 0.05 per cent).
  • Failure requiring revision or alternative surgery 10-25 per cent at 2 years — repeat Xen, conversion to PreserFlo, trabeculectomy or tube shunt.

Recovery after Xen 45 surgery

Total hospital stay is typically 3-5 hours including pre-operative checks, the 15-25 minute operation (or 35-45 minutes if combined with phaco), and 1-2 hours of recovery. Same-day discharge is routine. Vision is typically blurred for 24-72 hours and returns to near pre-operative quality within 1-2 weeks (substantially faster than trabeculectomy).

The operated eye is patched overnight then opened. Topical moxifloxacin antibiotic drops four times daily for 1-2 weeks; intensive topical corticosteroid drops (dexamethasone or prednisolone acetate) tapered over 8-12 weeks starting at hourly day 1; topical cycloplegic (cyclopentolate or atropine) for the first 1-2 weeks. Preserved glaucoma drops are usually stopped on the operated eye on day 1 (consultant-titrated); patients continue drops on the fellow eye unchanged.

Bleb needling under topical anaesthetic in clinic is performed in 20-35 per cent of eyes during the first 6 months to manage early bleb fibrosis. It is part of the expected pathway, not a failure. The 0800 852 7782 advice line can arrange same-week needling if IOP rises during the first year. Patients return to desk work in 5-10 days, driving in 1-2 weeks once vision is stable, and full exercise at 4-6 weeks. Sudden severe pain, sudden vision loss, sudden eye redness with discharge or significant new floaters in the 7 days after surgery (or at any later time during the lifelong slightly elevated endophthalmitis risk window) should prompt urgent contact with the clinic to exclude blebitis or endophthalmitis.

How to choose a UK clinic for Xen 45

  • Consultant credentials — UK GMC registration with glaucoma subspecialty fellowship (UKEGS / EGS); documented Xen 45 case volume (minimum 30 Xens per year); comparable volume with PreserFlo MicroShunt and trabeculectomy; ability to convert intra-operatively if needed.
  • Imaging quality — Humphrey Field Analyzer, Heidelberg Spectralis or Zeiss Cirrus OCT RNFL and ganglion cell, anterior segment OCT, Pentacam or Galilei pachymetry, gonioscopy lens (Volk surgical gonio or Swan-Jacob).
  • CQC registration — theatre and recovery facility must be CQC-registered and inspected.
  • Adjunct availability — intra-operative mitomycin C 0.2-0.4 mg/mL; post-operative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil 50 mg/mL; topical steroid, cycloplegic and antibiotic pack.
  • Itemised written quotation — consultant fee, anaesthetist fee, theatre, Xen 45 device, mitomycin C, follow-up reviews including all first-year needling should all be itemised and included in the package.
  • Structured first-year review schedule — day 1, week 1, week 2, month 1, month 3, month 6 and month 12.
  • In-clinic bleb needling capability — mandatory; included in the per-eye fee.
  • Revisional pathway — documented willingness and capability to offer revisional surgery (repeat Xen, conversion to PreserFlo, trabeculectomy or tube shunt).
  • Continuity of named consultant — the consultant who consents and operates should lead the first-year reviews.
  • Honest audit of personal outcomes — experienced UK glaucoma surgeons audit their own success and revision rates and are willing to share them.

Frequently asked questions

How much does private Xen gel stent surgery cost in the UK in 2026?

UK 2026 self-pay private Xen 45 is £4,800–£7,200 per eye at CQC-registered London glaucoma centres, all-inclusive. Bilateral is £9,200–£13,500. Combined phaco + Xen is £5,800–£8,800 depending on IOL choice. Pricing covers consultant assessment, work-up, the day-case operation with mitomycin C, the Xen device, and the structured first-year review schedule including any needling.

What is the Xen 45 and how does it work?

The Xen 45 (AbbVie / Allergan) is a 6 mm porcine-gelatin glutaraldehyde-cross-linked micro-stent with a 45-micron internal lumen, implanted ab interno through a 1.5 mm clear-cornea incision under direct gonioscopic vision. It creates a controlled subconjunctival aqueous outflow pathway and a low diffuse filtration bleb. The 45-micron lumen limits early post-operative hypotony.

What IOP can Xen achieve?

APEX registry and randomised trial data report mean IOP reduction from approximately 22 mmHg pre-operatively to approximately 14 mmHg at year 1, with 60-75 per cent of eyes drop-free and 80-90 per cent achieving complete or qualified success. Xen is best suited to mid-target IOP goals (12-16 mmHg).

How is Xen different from trabeculectomy and PreserFlo?

All three are bleb-forming. Trabeculectomy is the gold standard, achieves the lowest target IOP (11-13 mmHg), needs the most intensive post-op management. PreserFlo MicroShunt is ab-externo with a 70-micron lumen and similar mid-target IOP (~14 mmHg). Xen is ab-interno through clear cornea (no conjunctival peritomy required), with a 45-micron lumen, slightly higher mean IOP (~14 mmHg) and a less aggressive intra-operative trauma profile.

Is Xen a MIGS or a traditional filtering operation?

Both, in a sense. Xen is classified as a bleb-forming MIGS because it is implanted ab interno through a small clear-cornea incision and has rapid visual recovery, but it creates a subconjunctival bleb so the post-operative bleb-management requirements are similar to traditional filtering surgery.

Can Xen be combined with cataract surgery?

Yes. Combined Xen 45 + phacoemulsification is common where both visually significant cataract and uncontrolled glaucoma co-exist. Adds 10-15 minutes to standalone Xen. Combined private cost is £5,800-£8,800 per eye depending on IOL choice. See our private iStent MIGS glaucoma surgery London for the angle-based alternative.

What does the operation involve?

Day-case sub-Tenon's local anaesthetic with light sedation or general anaesthetic. 1.5 mm clear-cornea incision, intra-operative mitomycin C 0.2-0.4 mg/mL applied subconjunctivally, the Xen 45 implanted under direct gonioscopic vision in the superonasal quadrant. Total operating time 15-25 minutes (standalone) or 35-45 minutes (combined with phaco).

What is the recovery like?

Vision blurred 24-72 hours; near pre-op vision in 1-2 weeks (much faster than trabeculectomy). Topical antibiotic, intensive steroid taper over 8-12 weeks, cycloplegic for 1-2 weeks. Return to desk work in 5-10 days, driving in 1-2 weeks, full exercise at 4-6 weeks.

What are the risks?

Principal risks: early hypotony 5-15 per cent (transient), choroidal detachment 2-5 per cent, bleb fibrosis with IOP creep 20-35 per cent (managed with needling), endophthalmitis less than 0.5 per cent per year (lifelong elevated risk), cataract progression in phakic eyes 10-20 per cent over 2 years, failure requiring revision 10-25 per cent at 2 years.

Will private medical insurance cover Xen?

Most UK PMI providers cover Xen under CCSD C66.9 / C61.1 with pre-authorisation, where the policy covers chronic eye disease. Pre-authorisation requires documented uncontrolled glaucoma, visual field, OCT, and consultant justification. The clinic team prepares the pre-authorisation package.

How does NHS Xen access compare?

Xen 45 is NHS-commissioned since NICE IPG612 (2018). NHS waits in 2026 are typically 12-30 weeks. Private route compresses to 1-3 weeks with continuity of named consultant.

Who is a good candidate for Xen?

Adults with open-angle glaucoma (POAG, pseudoexfoliative, pigmentary, selected uveitic) uncontrolled on maximum tolerated medical therapy, with reasonable conjunctival health, mid-target IOP (12-16 mmHg), and willingness to commit to the first-year review and needling pathway. Not the first choice for very low target IOPs (under 12 mmHg) where trabeculectomy is preferred.

What is bleb needling and is it always needed?

Bleb needling is a brief in-office procedure under topical anaesthetic that disrupts early subconjunctival fibrosis with a 27- or 30-gauge needle, restoring aqueous flow. Performed in 20-35 per cent of Xen eyes during the first 6 months. Part of the expected pathway, not a failure. 5-fluorouracil 50 mg/mL is sometimes injected subconjunctivally at the same time.

Methodology and sources

This UK 2026 patient pricing and pathway guide was prepared by the Eye Surgery Clinic editorial team and reviewed by a UK GMC-registered consultant ophthalmologist with glaucoma subspecialty interest. Pricing reflects a CQC-registered UK glaucoma sample audited against published 2025 to 2026 self-pay tariffs from major UK glaucoma providers. Clinical statements are anchored on:

  • NICE Interventional Procedure Guidance IPG612 (Xen 45 Ab-Interno Gelatin Micro-Stent in Open-Angle Glaucoma), 2018.
  • NICE NG81 Glaucoma: Diagnosis and Management (current update).
  • Sheybani A et al. Pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of the gel stent for the surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology and Clinical Ophthalmology series, 2015 onwards.
  • Reitsamer H et al. Two-year results of the Xen45 gel stent versus trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma. Graefe's Archive 2019.
  • Mansouri K et al. APEX international Xen registry: pooled outcomes.
  • Maris PJG, Sii F et al. UK multicentre real-world Xen audit data.
  • Lenzhofer M et al. European multicentre Xen cohort.
  • Royal College of Ophthalmologists Glaucoma Practice Notes (current edition).
  • European Glaucoma Society Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma (current edition).
  • INN-005 RCT of PreserFlo MicroShunt versus trabeculectomy (Baker et al., comparator evidence).
  • Care Quality Commission (CQC) inspection reports for major UK glaucoma units (Moorfields Eye Hospital, Cromwell Hospital, Optegra Eye Hospital, Western Eye Hospital).
  • General Medical Council (GMC) Good Medical Practice and consent guidance.

This page is editorial and educational. It is not personalised medical advice. Xen 45 suitability can only be confirmed by an in-person glaucoma consultation with Humphrey visual field, OCT RNFL, gonioscopy and anterior segment OCT.

Book your UK Xen 45 glaucoma consultation

Speak directly to a UK GMC-registered consultant ophthalmologist with glaucoma subspecialty interest and active Xen 45 surgical practice. Same-week consultation slots are usually available. Humphrey visual field, OCT RNFL and ganglion cell, gonioscopy and anterior segment OCT are included in the consultation. Confidential, no-obligation review of whether Xen 45, PreserFlo MicroShunt, trabeculectomy, iStent inject W / Hydrus angle-based MIGS, repeat SLT or a glaucoma drainage device is right for your eye.

Related reading: Private PreserFlo MicroShunt glaucoma surgery UK · Private iStent MIGS glaucoma surgery London · Private SLT laser glaucoma treatment cost UK · Private glaucoma surgery cost UK · Glaucoma treatments overview · Glaucoma condition guide

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Updated on 19 May 2026